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From The Aquarium Wiki

[edit] What is is?

Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) is the species of bacteria (typically the autotrophic type) involved in converting ammonia into nitrite during the cycling of a tank.

These species are different for salt water and fresh water aquariums.

• Dr. Tim Hovanec claims that it is Nitrosococcus sp. and not Nitrosomonas sp. that converts ammonia into nitrite. See PDF Paper.